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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.4K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

2.6K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Coherent Spin Control at the Quantum Level in an Ensemble-Based Optical Memory.

Pierre Jobez1, Cyril Laplane1, Nuala Timoney1

  • 1Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters
|July 22, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrated spin-echo techniques to overcome dephasing in atomic ensembles, enabling long-duration quantum storage. This breakthrough enhances quantum networks by improving the reliability of quantum memories.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Background:

  • Long-lived quantum memories are crucial for quantum networks and entanglement distribution.
  • Storing light's quantum states as spin excitations in atomic ensembles is a promising approach.
  • Dephasing processes limit storage times in spin-based quantum memories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of spin-echo techniques for overcoming dephasing in ensemble-based quantum memories.
  • To demonstrate enhanced storage duration for quantum states in solid-state atomic ensembles.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of a mean spin excitation of 1 via storage of a weak optical pulse in a large solid-state ensemble.
  • Application of spin-echo manipulation to counteract dephasing effects.
  • Optical read-out of the stored spin excitation after a specific storage time.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of spin-echo manipulation on a mean spin excitation.
  • Achieved a storage time of approximately 1 millisecond.
  • Obtained a high signal-to-noise ratio during the optical read-out of the spin excitation.

Conclusions:

  • Spin-echo techniques can effectively overcome dephasing in ensemble-based quantum memories.
  • This method enables long-duration optical quantum storage.
  • The results are applicable to various ensemble-based memory systems for quantum networks.