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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

38
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
08:49

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Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery.

G Justus Hofmeyr1, Mary Hannah, Theresa A Lawrie

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Frere Hospital, Walter Sisulu University, University of the Witwatersrand, Eastern Cape Department of Health, East London, South Africa.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|July 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Planned caesarean birth for breech presentation reduces perinatal death but increases maternal morbidity. Long-term infant outcomes show increased medical problems after caesarean, with no significant difference in neurodevelopmental delay.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Poor outcomes in breech births may stem from underlying conditions or delivery factors.
  • Assessing planned caesarean section for term singleton breech presentation is crucial for pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for singleton breech presentation at term on pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials from the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register.
  • Independent assessment of trials for inclusion, risk of bias, and data extraction by two reviewers.

Main Results:

  • Planned caesarean section reduced perinatal/neonatal death and severe neonatal morbidity, particularly in low perinatal mortality settings.
  • Increased short-term maternal morbidity was observed with planned caesarean section.
  • At two years, infants in the planned caesarean group had more medical problems, but no significant difference in neurodevelopmental delay was found.

Conclusions:

  • Planned caesarean section improves perinatal outcomes but increases maternal morbidity.
  • Long-term infant medical problems may be elevated post-caesarean, necessitating further research.
  • Individualized decision-making is key, considering maternal preference and healthcare setting specific risks.