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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
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Immunodeficiency-associated viral oncogenesis.

A Pierangeli1, G Antonelli1, G Gentile2

  • 1Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|July 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunosuppression, including HIV infection, increases cancer risk due to viruses like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). This review details oncogenic contributions from HPV, MCV, KSHV, HTLV-1, and EBV in immunocompromised individuals.

Keywords:
CarcinogenesisHIVimmunodeficiencytransplantationviral oncogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immunosuppression, often resulting from solid organ transplantation, stem cell transplantation, or HIV infection, significantly elevates cancer risk.
  • Several viruses are implicated in oncogenesis through direct and indirect mechanisms in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Key oncogenic viruses include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between acquired immunodeficiency and cancer risk.
  • To update knowledge on the oncogenic contributions of specific viruses in immunosuppressed patients.
  • To specifically address the roles of HPV, MCV, KSHV, HTLV-1, and EBV in cancer development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on viral oncogenesis in immunosuppressed states.
  • Analysis of studies examining the link between HIV infection and cancer.
  • Synthesis of current research on EBV, HPV, KSHV, HTLV-1, and MCV in the context of immunosuppression.

Main Results:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a primary cause of immunodeficiency and possesses direct pro-oncogenic properties.
  • EBV, HPV, KSHV, HTLV-1, and MCV are significantly associated with cancer development in immunosuppressed populations.
  • These viruses contribute to oncogenesis via diverse replication mechanisms and both direct and indirect pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Acquired immunodeficiency profoundly impacts cancer risk, with specific viral infections being major contributors.
  • Understanding the oncogenic mechanisms of viruses like EBV, HPV, KSHV, HTLV-1, and MCV is crucial for managing cancer in immunosuppressed patients.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between immunosuppression, viral replication, and cancer development.