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The Pattern of Variation between Diarrhea and Malaria Coexistence with Corresponding Risk Factors in, Chikhwawa,
Salule Masangwi1,2, Neil Ferguson3, Anthony Grimason4,5
1Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi. salule.masangwi@strath.ac.uk.
Abstract:
Developing countries face a huge burden of infectious diseases, a number of which co-exist. This paper estimates the pattern and variation of malaria and diarrhea coexistence in Chikhwawa, a district in Southern Malawi using bivariate multilevel modelling with Bayesian estimation. A probit link was employed to examine hierarchically built data from a survey of individuals (n = 6,727) nested within households (n = 1,380) nested within communities (n = 33). Results show significant malaria [σ²μ₁=0.901 (95% CI:0.746,1.056)] and diarrhea [σ²μ₂=1.009 (95% CI:0.860,1.158)] variations with a strong correlation between them [r(¹,²)μ=0.565] at household level. There are significant malaria [σ²ν₁=0.053 (95% CI: 0.018,0.088)] and diarrhea [σ²ν₂=0.099(95% CI : 0.030,0.168) ] variations at community level but with a small correlation [r(¹,²) ν=0.124] between them. There is also significant correlation between malaria and diarrhea at individual level [ r(¹,²) e=0.241]. These results suggest a close association between reported malaria-like illness and diarrheal illness especially at household and individual levels in Southern Malawi.
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