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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
1.1K
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
534
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

818
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
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[Left Ventricular Rupture following Mitral Valve Replacement].

Atsushi Yamaguchi1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.

Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
|July 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Left ventricular rupture is a rare but fatal complication following mitral valve replacement (MVR). Strategies to reduce left ventricular wall stress during MVR surgery are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Cardiac Surgery Outcomes
  • Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement

Context:

  • Left ventricular rupture is a rare, lethal complication post-mitral valve replacement (MVR).
  • A study at Saitama Medical Center analyzed 850 MVR patients from 1989-2014.
  • Six patients (0.7%) developed left ventricular rupture, with 5 Type I and 1 Type III.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the incidence and outcomes of left ventricular rupture after MVR.
  • To identify critical surgical factors contributing to this complication.
  • To propose preventative strategies for reducing left ventricular rupture during MVR.

Summary:

  • Four ruptures occurred immediately after aortic declamping, and two post-transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU).
  • Prompt surgical repair was performed, but resulted in a high hospital mortality rate of 66.7%.
  • The study highlights the importance of relieving posterior left ventricular wall stress and managing pre/afterload.

Impact:

  • Findings emphasize the need for modified surgical techniques to preserve the posterior mitral leaflet.
  • Recommendations include avoiding excessive left ventricular pre and afterload immediately following MVR.
  • Improved surgical approaches may reduce the incidence and mortality associated with left ventricular rupture post-MVR.