[Transposition of Great Artery]
Takeshi Konuma1, Hideto Shimpo
1Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.
Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
|July 23, 2015
Summary
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a severe congenital heart defect causing cyanosis. Early diagnosis and intervention, like balloon atrial septostomy or arterial switch, are crucial for survival in infants.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Disease
Context:
- Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a common cyanotic congenital heart disease.
- Untreated TGA with intact ventricular septal defect (VSD) leads to high infant mortality due to parallel circulations and inadequate systemic oxygenation.
- Diagnosis can be challenging even with fetal echocardiography.
Purpose:
- To highlight the critical nature of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) in infants.
- To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management strategies.
- To underscore the role of preoperative assessment in surgical decision-making.
Summary:
- TGA necessitates interventions like balloon atrial septostomy or prostaglandin infusion if a VSD is absent to ensure systemic blood flow.
- The arterial switch procedure is indicated when left ventricular pressure exceeds two-thirds of systemic pressure.
- Preoperative evaluation of associated anomalies and coronary artery patterns is vital for surgical planning.
Impact:
- Timely diagnosis and intervention significantly improve survival rates for infants with TGA.
- Improved understanding of diagnostic challenges aids in earlier detection.
- Accurate preoperative assessment optimizes surgical outcomes and patient management.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation
14.0K
The systemic and pulmonary circuits are crucial components of the circulatory system, working together to transport blood between the heart, lungs, and the rest of the body. The process begins with pulmonary circulation, where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk and arteries. Upon reaching the lungs, the blood becomes oxygenated and returns to the heart, specifically to the left atrium, via the pulmonary veins.
The oxygenated blood is sent...
The oxygenated blood is sent...
14.0K
01:14The Aorta
4.0K
The aorta is the largest artery in the human body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries. Structurally, it can be divided into four main parts: the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.
The average diameter of the aorta is approximately 2-3 cm, but the size can vary depending on the section of the aorta and the individual's age, sex, and body size. The aorta is...
The average diameter of the aorta is approximately 2-3 cm, but the size can vary depending on the section of the aorta and the individual's age, sex, and body size. The aorta is...
4.0K
01:10The Arch of Aorta
2.3K
The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...
2.3K
01:14Fetal Circulation
4.7K
Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
4.7K
01:15Thoracic Aorta
2.3K
The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
2.3K
01:21Coronary Circulation
9.5K
The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
9.5K