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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated with Subjective Olfactory Dysfunction.

Z M Patel1, J M DelGaudio1, S K Wise1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.

Behavioural Neurology
|July 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Higher Body Mass Index (BMI) is linked to olfactory dysfunction. This study suggests a significant association between overweight or obesity and smell loss, warranting further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Obesity Research
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Morbid obesity is associated with changes in olfactory acuity.
  • No prior studies have directly assessed Body Mass Index (BMI) in individuals with olfactory dysfunction.
  • Understanding the relationship between BMI and smell dysfunction is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Body Mass Index (BMI) between patients with subjective olfactory dysfunction and those without.
  • To investigate the potential association between high BMI and olfactory complaints.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective matched case-control study design.
  • Inclusion of 60 patients with subjective smell dysfunction and 60 matched controls from a tertiary care center.
  • Exclusion of neoplastic and obstructive causes of smell loss; review of demographics, BMI, and smoking status; statistical analysis using Chi-square testing.

Main Results:

  • A higher proportion of patients with olfactory dysfunction were overweight or obese (80%) compared to controls (60%).
  • A statistically significant difference in stratified BMI was observed between the olfactory dysfunction and control groups (p = 0.0168).
  • This indicates a strong association between elevated BMI and the presence of olfactory dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • The study suggests a significant association between high Body Mass Index (BMI) and olfactory dysfunction.
  • Further prospective research is recommended to confirm if increased BMI is a risk factor for olfactory loss.
  • Investigating the role of olfactory loss in the dietary and feeding behaviors of obese individuals is warranted.