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The Complex Role of STAT3 in Viral Infections

Suresh V Kuchipudi1

  • 1School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.

Journal of Immunology Research
|July 23, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Signal transducer and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) has dual roles in viral infections, acting as both pro- and antiviral. This review summarizes STAT3 functions in viral replication and pathogenesis, highlighting knowledge gaps.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Signal transducer and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) is a crucial transcription factor involved in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses.
  • STAT3 dysregulation is implicated in various cancers and has been observed in viral infections.
  • The role of STAT3 in viral infections is complex, with evidence suggesting both pro-viral and anti-viral functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the known functions of STAT3 in regulating viral replication.
  • To discuss the role of STAT3 in the pathogenesis of viral infections.
  • To identify key unanswered questions and knowledge gaps regarding STAT3's involvement in viral pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating STAT3 in viral infections.
  • Synthesis of findings on STAT3's dual roles (pro- and antiviral) in different viral contexts.
  • Identification and discussion of current research limitations and future directions.

Main Results:

  • STAT3 exhibits context-dependent roles in viral infections, influencing viral replication and host immune responses.
  • Both pro-viral activities (e.g., enhancing viral entry or replication) and antiviral effects (e.g., inducing antiviral gene expression) of STAT3 have been reported.
  • The specific functions of STAT3 are determined by the virus, host cell type, and specific signaling pathways involved.

Conclusions:

  • STAT3 is a critical modulator of viral infections, with its role varying significantly depending on the specific viral agent and host factors.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the intricate mechanisms by which STAT3 influences viral pathogenesis.
  • Understanding STAT3's dual role is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies against viral diseases.

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