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The Ras Gene02:38

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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Reply to Rare Versus Artifactual EGFR Mutations

Zoltan Lohinai1, Gyula Ostoros, Judit Moldvay

  • 1National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary, Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary, Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
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No abstract available in PubMed .

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