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Molecular Analyses Define Vα7.2-Jα33+ MAIT Cell Depletion in HIV Infection: A Case-Control Study.

James E Ussher1, Prabhjeet Phalora, Cormac Cosgrove

  • 1From the Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research (JEU, PP, CC, PG, REP, CBW, PK), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (JEU, RFH), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard (CC), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases (AR), University Hospital Berne and University of Berne, Berne; Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology and Institute of Medical Virology (HFG), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

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|July 23, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are depleted in HIV infection, confirmed by molecular and flow cytometry assays. This study suggests MAIT cells are not significantly accumulating in an alternative form within HIV patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a key antibacterial lymphocyte population.
  • Their role and abundance in HIV infection remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the depletion of MAIT cells in HIV infection.
  • To validate findings using both molecular and flow cytometry methods.

Main Methods:

  • Case-control study comparing HIV-positive patients and healthy controls.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR for Vα7.2-Jα33 mRNA and gDNA.
  • Flow cytometry for T cell surface markers (Vα7.2, CD161, CD3, CD4).

Main Results:

  • Significant depletion of Vα7.2-Jα33 mRNA and gDNA in HIV-positive individuals.
  • Flow cytometry confirmed depletion of Vα7.2+CD161++ T cells.
  • MAIT cell mRNA abundance strongly correlated with Vα7.2+CD161++ cell frequency.

Conclusions:

  • MAIT cells are demonstrably depleted in the blood of HIV-infected individuals.
  • No significant accumulation of a CD161- MAIT cell subset was observed.
  • Molecular assays are a viable alternative to flow cytometry for tracking MAIT cells in HIV research.