Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 6, 2026
Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System
Published on: May 12, 2023
Farm environment during infancy and lung function at the age of 31: a prospective birth cohort study in Finland
Jussi Lampi1, Heikki Koskela2, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen3
1Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Objectives:
Farming as an occupation is considered a risk factor for asthma and reduced lung function. By contrast, living on a farm during infancy has been reported to be associated with lower risk of asthma in adulthood. However, little is known about the association between farming environment during infancy and lung function in adulthood. We aimed to study the prospective longitudinal association between farming environment during infancy and lung function in adulthood.
Design:
A prospective birth cohort study.
Setting:
Northern Finland.
Participants:
5666 participants born in 1966 were followed up at the age of 31 years.
Primary Outcome Measures:
Spirometry at the age of 31 years.
Results:
To be born into a farmer's family was associated with higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (36 mL; 95% CI 6 to 67 mL) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (40 mL; 95% CI 5 to 75 mL) at the age of 31 years. Contact with farm animals during infancy was associated with higher FEV1. No associations were seen with FEV1/FVC (FEV1/FVC ratio). Having dogs in childhood revealed similar associations. There was a suggestive dose-dependent association with the number of animal species during childhood and higher FEV1 and FVC at adulthood, especially among women.
Conclusions:
Farming environment in early life may have a positive impact on lung function in adulthood.
