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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
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Topical dexamethasone γ-cyclodextrin nanoparticle eye drops increase visual acuity and decrease macular thickness in

Akihiro Ohira1, Katsunori Hara1, Gauti Jóhannesson2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.

Acta Ophthalmologica
|July 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Topical dexamethasone nanoparticle eye drops offer a new treatment for diabetic macular edema, showing results comparable to injections. This approach improved vision and reduced retinal swelling with manageable side effects.

Keywords:
cyclodextrindexamethasonediabetes macular edemananoparticletopical treatmenttriamcinolone

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in diabetic patients.
  • Current treatments include intravitreal injections and laser therapy, which can be invasive.
  • Novel drug delivery systems are needed to improve DME management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and safety of topical dexamethasone γ-cyclodextrin nanoparticle (DexNP) eye drops versus posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injections for treating DME.
  • To evaluate visual acuity and central macular thickness changes.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, randomized, controlled trial involving 22 patients with DME.
  • Patients were randomized to receive either topical DexNP (three times daily, then twice, then once daily for 4 weeks each) or a single posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide.
  • Ophthalmological assessments were conducted at baseline and at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Both DexNP and triamcinolone significantly improved visual acuity and reduced central macular thickness in DME patients.
  • DexNP showed a significant improvement in logMAR visual acuity from 0.41 to 0.30 and a decrease in CMT from 483 μm to 342 μm by week 8.
  • Triamcinolone also demonstrated significant improvements, with logMAR changing from 0.42 to 0.33 and CMT decreasing from 494 μm to 388 μm by week 8.
  • A modest, transient increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) was observed with DexNP, which normalized post-treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Topical DexNP is an effective treatment for DME, comparable in efficacy to subtenon triamcinolone injections.
  • DexNP offers a less invasive alternative for managing DME.
  • While a slight IOP increase occurred, it was temporary and manageable, suggesting a favorable safety profile for topical nanoparticle therapy.