Multilayer and interconnected post-transcriptional and co-transcriptional control of plant NLRs

During the last decades, a tremendous amount of progress has been made to better understand how plant NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are activated at the molecular level, post-translationally controlled, chaperoned and localized within the cell. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated a functional role for alternative splicing (AS) in the regulation of NLR transcripts. However, our knowledge on the involvement of other post-transcriptional and co-transcriptional processes that regulate this class of immune receptors has remained, until recently, very limited. In the present review, we aim to provide an overview of recent findings highlighting the role and regulation of RNA silencing, non-sense mediated decay (NMD) and AS in the control of the abundance and composition of NLR transcripts during plant immunity.