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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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Mass partitioning effects in diffusion transport.

Milos Kojic1, Miljan Milosevic, Suhong Wu

  • 1Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., R7-116, Houston, TX 77030, USA. aziemys@houstonmethodist.org.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|July 24, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mass partitioning significantly impacts diffusion, especially in fast-diffusivity systems. This study introduces a computational method to include partitioning, revealing its crucial role in mass transport and drug delivery from nanoparticles.

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Area of Science:

  • Multiphase Systems
  • Computational Transport Phenomena
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Mass transport in heterogeneous environments involves complex interactions between multiple phases.
  • Traditional diffusion models often overlook molecule partitioning at phase interfaces, leading to incomplete mass transport analysis.
  • Understanding partitioning is critical for accurately modeling mass distribution and release kinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a computational finite element methodology for diffusion mass transport that incorporates molecule partitioning.
  • To analyze the effects of partitioning on mass transport phenomena, particularly in drug delivery systems.
  • To investigate the interplay between partitioning, diffusivity, and nanoparticle concentration in controlling payload retention.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a finite element methodology for simulating diffusion with partitioning.
  • Numerical simulations to analyze the impact of partitioning on mass distribution and kinetics.
  • Experimental validation using drug-loaded nanoparticles to assess mass release dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Numerical results confirm that partitioning governs equilibrated mass distribution, aligning with analytical predictions.
  • Experimental data demonstrate that partitioning can be a dominant factor in mass release, sometimes exceeding diffusion's influence.
  • Analysis indicates partitioning is crucial in fast-diffusivity systems, and nanoparticle concentration affects payload retention.

Conclusions:

  • Partitioning plays a vital, potentially crucial, role in diffusion transport processes.
  • Computational and experimental findings underscore the necessity of including partitioning in mass transport studies.
  • Physiochemical properties of phases significantly influence diffusion and should be considered for accurate modeling.