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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Published on: May 10, 2024
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Do We Know What Causes Eosinophilic Esophagitis? A Mechanistic Update
Thomas M Runge1, Evan S Dellon
1Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB#7080 Bioinformatics Building, 130 Mason Farm Rd., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7080, USA.
Current Gastroenterology Reports
|July 25, 2015
Summary
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated esophageal disease driven by allergens. Current research suggests a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors in its development.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
- Allergy
Background:
- Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune/antigen-mediated esophageal disease.
- It is characterized by esophageal dysfunction symptoms and eosinophilic infiltration in the esophagus.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge of EoE pathophysiology.
- To discuss potential etiologic mechanisms, including genetic and environmental factors.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing animal and human data on EoE.
- Analysis of genetic expression profiles and single nucleotide polymorphisms.
- Evaluation of environmental influences on EoE incidence and prevalence.
Main Results:
- EoE involves a Th2-predominant inflammatory process triggered by allergens.
- Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines recruit eosinophils and mast cells, leading to esophageal damage and remodeling.
- Genetic factors, including specific SNPs, are associated with EoE, but environmental factors are increasingly recognized as significant drivers.
Conclusions:
- EoE pathogenesis is complex, involving genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures.
- While genetic factors play a role, the rapid rise in EoE prevalence suggests environmental factors are a major driving force.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the intricate interaction between genetics and environment in EoE.
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