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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

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Hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex during working memory in essential hypertension.

Hercules Grant1, Yagesh Bhambhani2, Anthony Singhal3

  • 1Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

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|July 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Essential hypertension impairs working memory performance and alters prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamics. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) reveals reduced cerebrovascular reserve in hypertensive individuals, suggesting its utility in assessing hypertension-related cognitive deficits.

Keywords:
Hemodynamichypertensionnear infrared spectroscopyprefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cerebrovascular reserve in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for cognitive function.
  • Essential hypertension is linked to potential functional deficits, but its impact on cerebrovascular reserve requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare behavioral performance and PFC hemodynamic changes between hypertensive and normotensive individuals during working memory tasks.
  • To explore the utility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in assessing cerebrovascular reserve in essential hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen stage 1 hypertensive and fifteen normotensive males (19-55 years) underwent four working memory tests (digit span, auditory consonant trigrams).
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) monitored bilateral PFC hemodynamic changes (oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin).
  • Participants were blindfolded, and tests were randomized.

Main Results:

  • Hypertensive individuals showed significantly impaired working memory performance.
  • A trend towards decreased efficiency performance scores (test score/hemodynamic changes) was observed in the hypertensive group.
  • Significant correlations were found between test performance and PFC hemodynamic changes (oxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin) in hypertensive individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with cognitive testing may serve as a valuable tool for measuring cerebrovascular reserve in essential hypertension.
  • Hypertension is associated with impaired working memory and altered PFC hemodynamic responses, indicating reduced cerebrovascular reserve.