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Surface-to-volume ratio mapping of tumor microstructure using oscillating gradient diffusion weighted imaging.

Olivier Reynaud^1,2, Kerryanne Veronica Winters^1,2, Dung Minh Hoang^1,2

¹Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New York, New York, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|July 25, 2015

Summary

This study uses oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE) to differentiate brain tumor cell membrane restrictions from free diffusivity. This method offers an objective biophysical approach to understanding diffusion changes in tumors.

Keywords:

diffusion time-dependence glioma mitra limit oscillating gradients spin echo restrictions surface-to-volume

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Medical Imaging
Neuro-oncology

Background:

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is crucial for characterizing brain tumors.
Distinguishing between cell membrane effects and intrinsic water diffusion is challenging.
Current dMRI metrics lack specificity in reflecting underlying tissue properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To disentangle free diffusivity (D0) from cellular membrane restrictions (surface-to-volume ratio, S/V) using frequency-dependent diffusion (D(ω)).
To apply this method in the short diffusion-time regime with oscillating gradients (OGSE) in brain tumors.
To compare OGSE-derived parameters with conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) metrics.

Main Methods:

In vivo and ex vivo OGSE experiments were conducted on a murine glioma model (GL261).
The study identified the time/frequency (t/ω) domain where D(ω) linearly decreases with ω(-1/2).
Ex vivo experiments investigated the impact of temperature and frequency range on S/V and D0.

Main Results:

The short diffusion-time regime validity was confirmed in vivo and ex vivo.
Ex vivo data showed S/V is independent of temperature and frequency.
D0 exhibited temperature dependence similar to pure water, validating the biophysical model.

Conclusions:

Frequency-dependent diffusion in the short-time regime can decouple geometric restrictions (S/V) from intrinsic diffusivity (D0).
This approach provides a non-empirical, objective biophysical interpretation of diffusion changes in tumors.
OGSE offers a novel method for precise characterization of tumor microenvironment properties.