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Body MR Imaging: Artifacts, k-Space, and Solutions.

Susie Y Huang1, Ravi T Seethamraju1, Pritesh Patel1

  • 1From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (S.Y.H., P.F.H., A.R.G.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (S.Y.H., A.R.G.);Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (P.P.); and Siemens Healthcare USA, Malvern, Pa (R.T.S., J.E.K.).

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
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Summary

Body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging faces challenges from motion and magnetic field imperfections, leading to artifacts. Understanding MR physics helps mitigate these issues for improved image quality in body imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is complex due to motion, susceptibility effects from bowel gas, and large field-of-view requirements.
  • These factors increase susceptibility to artifacts compared to other anatomical regions.
  • Understanding the underlying MR physics is crucial for artifact mitigation and image quality improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify and explain common artifacts in body MR imaging.
  • To discuss strategies for mitigating artifacts arising from magnetic field imperfections, motion, and signal sampling.
  • To provide insights for practitioners in designing novel pulse sequences and optimizing body MR imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of artifacts into three main groups: magnetic field imperfections, motion, and signal sampling methods.
  • Discussion of specific artifact types including static magnetic field, radiofrequency (RF) field, and gradient field imperfections.
  • Review of techniques to address artifacts such as respiratory synchronization, parallel imaging, and adjusting sampling parameters.

Main Results:

  • Artifacts are categorized based on their origin: magnetic field (static, RF, gradient), motion, and signal sampling.
  • Strategies for ameliorating susceptibility effects include using spin-echo sequences and increasing receiver bandwidth.
  • Motion artifacts can be managed with respiratory synchronization and parallel imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Effective body MR imaging requires a thorough understanding of artifact causes and mitigation strategies.
  • Addressing artifacts is key to overcoming challenges posed by advanced techniques like parallel imaging and higher field strengths.
  • Optimizing MR physics knowledge enables practitioners to enhance image quality in body imaging.