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Predisposition to depression and implicit emotion processing.

Gennady G Knyazev1, Andrey V Bocharov, Alexander N Savostyanov

  • 1a Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
|July 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Individuals predisposed to depression show altered brain activity and emotional processing, even before clinical symptoms emerge. This suggests preclinical changes in emotional circuits impact how the brain responds to external emotional cues.

Keywords:
ElectroencephalogramEmotional facial expressionsImplicit emotion processingPredisposition to depressionTheta and alpha oscillations

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Depression significantly impacts emotional functioning.
  • It remains unclear if these emotional alterations are present before clinical diagnosis or only during illness.
  • Neuroticism and introversion traits can indicate a predisposition to depression (PD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate emotional processing and electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in clinically healthy individuals with varying levels of depression predisposition.
  • To determine if preclinical stages of depression involve distinct affective processing biases and neural activity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a predisposition to depression (PD) scale based on neuroticism and introversion.
  • Recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) during a gender discrimination task with emotional facial stimuli.
  • Analyzed reaction times, error rates, and EEG oscillations (delta, theta, alpha).

Main Results:

  • Low PD scorers exhibited an affective processing bias (slower reaction, more errors for angry faces).
  • High PD scorers showed reduced theta synchronization and increased alpha desynchronization during stimulus processing.
  • Individuals with high PD displayed higher delta and theta power in the interstimulus interval, indicating tonic overactivity in emotional circuits.

Conclusions:

  • Preclinical depression predisposition is associated with altered emotional circuit activity and processing.
  • Tonic overactivation of emotional circuits in high PD individuals may impair responses to emotional cues.
  • These findings suggest that emotional processing alterations can precede the clinical onset of depression.