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Navigating the gluten-free boom.

Glenn A Gaesser1, Siddhartha S Angadi

  • 1Glenn A. Gaesser and Siddhartha S. Angadi practice at the Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Exercise Science, and Health Promotion program in the School of Nutrition and Health Promotion at Arizona State University in Phoenix, Ariz. Dr. Gaesser discloses that he receives honoraria as chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Grain Foods Foundation and as a member of the Wheat Foods Council Advisory Board. Dr. Angadi has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

JAAPA : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
|July 25, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gluten-free diets are popular, but evidence doesn't support weight loss or benefits for the general population. Research reviews gluten-related disorders and the lack of scientific backing for widespread gluten avoidance.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gluten-free diets are increasingly popular, exceeding the prevalence of diagnosed gluten-related disorders like celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy.
  • Public perception of gluten-free diets often includes perceived health benefits, such as weight loss, which are not scientifically established for the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review gluten-related disorders and their established indications for a gluten-free diet.
  • To critically evaluate the purported health benefits of gluten-free eating, particularly for individuals without diagnosed gluten-related conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting or refuting health claims associated with gluten-free diets.

Main Results:

  • While gluten-free diets are medically necessary for conditions like celiac disease, there is no published experimental evidence to support weight loss claims associated with these diets.
  • The general population does not appear to benefit from avoiding gluten; potential benefits of gluten itself are also under review.

Conclusions:

  • Gluten-free diets should be reserved for individuals with medically diagnosed gluten-related disorders.
  • Widespread adoption of gluten-free diets without medical indication lacks scientific support and may not confer health benefits.
  • Further research is needed to understand the role of gluten and the long-term effects of gluten-free diets in the absence of disease.