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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

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Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation01:23

Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation

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Upon ionization, aromatic compounds generate a molecular ion that is observed as a prominent peak in their mass spectra. For example, the molecular ion peak for benzene appears at a mass-to-charge ratio of 78, while toluene is observed at a mass-to-charge ratio of 92. The molecular ion benzene is highly stable and does not readily undergo further fragmentation due to the significant amount of energy required to disrupt the aromatic stability of the benzene ring. In contrast, the molecular ion...
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Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

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In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA
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Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

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Problems in the fingerprints based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons source apportionment analysis and a practical

Yonghong Zou1, Lixia Wang2, Erik R Christensen3

  • 1Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|July 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study addresses challenges in identifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) sources in aquatic environments using fingerprinting methods. A Bayesian approach offers a robust solution for accurate source apportionment, identifying traffic and industrial activities as major contributors.

Keywords:
BayesianFingerprintsPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)Positive matrix factorization (PMF)Principal component analysis (PCA)Source apportionment analysis

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Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
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A Modified QuEChERS-HPLC Method for Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Fine Particulate Matter
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Analysis

Background:

  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants found in aquatic environments.
  • Accurate source apportionment of PAHs is crucial for effective environmental management.
  • Traditional methods like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) have limitations in identifying specific PAH sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the challenges associated with fingerprint-based source apportionment of PAHs in aquatic systems.
  • To present a practical and robust solution for reliable PAH source identification.
  • To apply and validate a Bayesian Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model for source apportionment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized PAH data from Illinois River sediment cores.
  • Employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for initial compound grouping.
  • Applied Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to suggest potential sources.
  • Implemented Bayesian Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) analysis for refined source apportionment, incorporating measurement errors and source fingerprint variability.

Main Results:

  • PCA separated PAH compounds but could not identify specific sources.
  • PMF provided useful source suggestions but struggled with distinguishing all sources due to fingerprint variability.
  • Bayesian CMB analysis successfully accounted for uncertainties and provided credible source apportionment results.
  • Identified major PAH sources in Illinois River sediments: traffic (35%), coke oven (24%), coal combustion (18%), and wood combustion (14%).

Conclusions:

  • Fingerprint-based methods for PAH source apportionment face significant challenges.
  • Bayesian CMB analysis offers a robust and credible approach to PAH source apportionment in aquatic environments.
  • Traffic, coke ovens, coal combustion, and wood combustion are significant contributors to PAH pollution in the Illinois River.