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Related Concept Videos

Stereoisomers02:32

Stereoisomers

19.6K
On the basis of mirror symmetry, stereoisomers of an organic molecule can be further classified into diastereomers and enantiomers. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. Substituted alkenes, such as the cis and trans isomers of 2-butene, are diastereomers, as these molecules exhibit different spatial orientations of their constituent atoms, are not mirror images of each other, and do not interconvert. Here, the interconversion is suppressed due to...
19.6K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

14.7K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
14.7K
E2 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry02:43

E2 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry

14.7K
Elimination reactions of alkyl halides can yield one or more alkenes depending on the specific regiochemical and stereochemical considerations. While the regiochemistry of the reaction governs the location of the double bond in the product, the stereochemical requirements often influence the geometry.
When a substrate with two different β hydrogens undergoes an E2 elimination, the presence of a strong base can yield two regioisomeric alkenes. The more-substituted alkene is the major...
14.7K
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.4K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
2.4K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.9K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.9K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.7K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.7K

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High-Order Energies for Stereo Segmentation.

Jianteng Peng, Jianbing Shen, Xuelong Li

    IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
    |July 25, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a new stereo image segmentation method using high-order energy optimization. It improves foreground object segmentation in both left and right images by leveraging disparity maps and statistical data.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • Image Processing
    • Artificial Intelligence

    Background:

    • Stereo image segmentation is crucial for 3D scene understanding.
    • Existing methods often struggle with accurate foreground object delineation in stereo pairs.
    • High-order energy optimization offers a promising but underexplored avenue for stereo segmentation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel stereo image segmentation approach based on high-order energy optimization.
    • To simultaneously segment foreground objects in both left and right stereo images.
    • To enhance stereo segmentation by incorporating disparity maps and statistical information.

    Main Methods:

    • Formulating stereo segmentation as a high-order energy optimization problem.
    • Developing a novel high-order potential function utilizing statistical information and disparity maps.
    • Designing a new penalty function based on corresponding and neighboring pixels between stereo images.
    • Employing stereo correspondence relationships from disparity maps to strengthen inter-image connections.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed approach effectively segments foreground objects in stereo images.
    • Significant performance improvements were observed in both automatic saliency-aware stereocut and interactive stereo segmentation.
    • The method demonstrates robustness in handling stereo correspondence and statistical properties.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel high-order energy optimization approach provides an effective solution for stereo image segmentation.
    • This method advances the state-of-the-art in simultaneous left and right image segmentation.
    • The integration of disparity maps and statistical information enhances segmentation accuracy and robustness.