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Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

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Sealer: a scalable gap-closing application for finishing draft genomes.

Daniel Paulino¹, René L Warren², Benjamin P Vandervalk³

¹Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada. dpaulino@bcgsc.ca.

BMC Bioinformatics

|July 26, 2015

Summary

Sealer effectively closes gaps in large genome assemblies using Bloom filters, significantly improving genome sequencing efficiency. This bioinformatics tool successfully addresses challenges in de novo genome assembly for complex genomes.

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Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 20, 2021

Area of Science:

Bioinformatics and Genomics
Computational Biology

Background:

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) advances genome sequencing speed and affordability.
De novo genome assembly faces challenges with large genomes due to low coverage, repetitive elements, and short read lengths, leading to sequence gaps (N stretches).
Existing gap-closing tools struggle to scale for processing massive genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce Sealer, a novel bioinformatics tool for closing gaps in genome assemblies.
To demonstrate Sealer's scalability and effectiveness on large-scale genomic datasets.

Main Methods:

Sealer utilizes de Bruijn graphs represented by space-efficient Bloom filter data structures.
The tool navigates these graphs to identify and close sequence gaps within assembly scaffolds.

Main Results:

Sealer successfully closed 50.8% of gaps in a 3 Gbp human draft assembly in under 30 hours.
It also closed 13.8% of gaps in a 20 Gbp white spruce draft assembly in under 27 hours.
These results surpass the capabilities of other leading tools for the analyzed data scale.

Conclusions:

Sealer is an automated genome assembly finishing application.
Its use of Bloom filters enables efficient gap closure in draft assemblies, including very large genomes.
Sealer is expected to be broadly applicable for finishing genomes across diverse organisms.