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Outer retinal changes following acute optic neuritis.

Omar A Al-Louzi1, Pavan Bhargava1, Scott D Newsome1

  • 1Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disorders, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute optic neuritis (AON) causes dynamic changes in deep retinal layers, including outer nuclear and photoreceptor segments, which correlate with ganglion cell layer thinning. These findings enhance understanding of AON

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisoptic nerve injuriesoptic neuritisoptical coherence tomographyretinal ganglion cellsretinal photoreceptors

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Retinal Imaging

Background:

  • Acute optic neuritis (AON) is known to cause thinning of the retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell+inner plexiform (GCIP) layers.
  • The impact of AON on deeper retinal layers, specifically the inner nuclear (INL), outer plexiform (OPL), outer nuclear (ONL), and photoreceptor segment (PS) layers, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether AON leads to measurable changes in the INL+OPL and ONL+PS retinal layers.
  • To analyze the longitudinal changes in these retinal layers following AON.

Main Methods:

  • Serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual function testing were performed on 33 AON patients over a mean follow-up of 25 months.
  • Longitudinal retinal layer thickness changes were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression.

Main Results:

  • Four months post-AON, a significant decrease in GCIP thickness (11.4%) and a concomitant increase in ONL+PS thickness (3.4%) were observed (p < 0.001).
  • The decrease in GCIP thickness strongly correlated with the increase in ONL+PS thickness (r = -0.70; p < 0.001).
  • Between 4 and 12 months, ONL+PS thickness decreased, returning to baseline levels by 12 months (p = 0.37). Similar, less pronounced changes were noted in the INL+OPL.

Conclusions:

  • AON induces dynamic changes in the deep retinal layers, with the extent of these changes being proportional to GCIP layer thinning.
  • These findings contribute to a better understanding of the biological and anatomical consequences of AON.