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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro
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Multiple cell and population-level interactions with mouse embryonic stem cell heterogeneity.

Danielle Cannon1, Adam M Corrigan1, Agnes Miermont1

  • 1Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|July 26, 2015
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Summary

Understanding stem cell pluripotency requires dynamic analysis. This study reveals complex cell cycle, environmental, and cell density interactions regulating Nanog gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Keywords:
HeterogeneityHigh-content imagingNanogRex1Stem cellStochastic gene expressionZfp42

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Quantitative Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression analysis typically uses population averages, missing dynamic and individual cell regulatory information.
  • Understanding differentiation mechanisms requires dynamic insights into gene expression within individual cells.
  • Stem cell pluripotency regulation is complex and influenced by multiple factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic regulation of developmental gene expression by cell cycle, lineage, motility, and environment.
  • To apply a quantitative imaging platform to study Nanog gene expression dynamics in mouse embryonic stem cells.
  • To reveal interactions between Nanog dynamics, heterogeneity, and pluripotency triggers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a quantitative imaging platform with extensive time-series data.
  • Applied the technology to analyze Nanog gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells.
  • Integrated cell cycle, lineage, motility, and environmental data with gene expression dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Nanog reporter expression is stable across cell generations, with fluctuations confined within an attractor state.
  • Cell cycle time increases with Nanog reporter expression, becoming more variable as cells approach ground-state pluripotency.
  • Environmental factors and cell density interact with cell cycle behavior and Nanog expression, influencing stability.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell behavior is regulated by complex, overlapping dynamic heterogeneities involving both cellular and environmental factors.
  • Simple deterministic models are insufficient to describe pluripotent stem cell states.
  • Dynamic, quantitative analysis is crucial for understanding stem cell regulation and behavior.