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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism

The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
The most common type is receptor antagonism, where one drug acts as an antagonist to block the effects of another drug by...

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

Your questions about complementary medicines answered.

Sanne Kreijkamp-Kaspers¹, Treasure McGuire, Suzanne Bedford

¹Kreijkamp-Kaspers MD, PhD, FRACGP, MSc, Senior Lecturer, Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD.

Australian Family Physician

|July 27, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This series provides evidence-based answers to common questions about complementary medicines. It aims to equip consumers and healthcare professionals with reliable information for informed decision-making.

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Area of Science:

Integrative Medicine
Pharmacology
Evidence-Based Practice

Background:

Growing consumer interest in complementary medicines necessitates clear, evidence-based information.
Healthcare professionals require reliable resources to address patient inquiries about these therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To initiate a series offering scientifically validated answers to frequent questions regarding complementary medicines.
To serve as a trusted resource for both the public and medical community.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of existing literature.
Critical appraisal of evidence quality for various complementary medicine claims.
Synthesis of findings into accessible summaries.

Main Results:

The series will present a comprehensive overview of current scientific understanding.
Identified common misconceptions and areas lacking robust evidence.

Conclusions:

Establishing a foundation of evidence-based information is crucial for the safe and effective use of complementary medicines.
This series aims to bridge the knowledge gap for consumers and healthcare providers.