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Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry
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Histone profiles in cancer.

Simone S Riedel1, Tobias Neff1, Kathrin M Bernt1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045 Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|July 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatin, the complex of DNA and proteins, plays a critical role in cancer development and progression. Aberrant chromatin is a promising therapeutic target for new cancer drugs.

Keywords:
CancerChromatinEpigenetic modifiersHistone profilesTherapy

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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Area of Science:

  • Cancer epigenetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • DNA abnormalities are established cancer drivers.
  • Chromatin's role in gene expression, DNA stability, and cell identity is increasingly recognized.
  • Chromatin modifiers are frequently altered in cancer, often driving malignancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of chromatin in cancer.
  • To discuss histone profiling techniques and their clinical relevance.
  • To highlight chromatin modifiers as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cancer epigenetics and chromatin.
  • Discussion of histone profiling methodologies.
  • Examples of aberrant chromatin modifiers in cancer.

Main Results:

  • Chromatin plays an active role in cancer.
  • Chromatin modifiers are key drivers in many cancers.
  • Aberrant chromatin is targetable with small molecules.
  • Histone profiling shows prognostic value but isn't clinically used.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin aberrations are crucial in cancer development.
  • Targeting chromatin modifiers offers therapeutic potential.
  • Further integration of histone profiling into diagnostics and trials is warranted.