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Chemerin: A comprehensive review elucidating the need for cardiovascular research
David J Ferland1, Stephanie W Watts1
1Michigan State University, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B445 Life Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Insights
Chemerin, initially linked to skin function, is now recognized for its broad roles in various pathologies. Understanding its cardiovascular connections is crucial for applying this knowledge to human diseases.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Physiology
- Pathology
Background:
- Chemerin, discovered in 1997, was initially associated with normal skin function.
- Emerging research reveals chemerin's diverse roles, including regulating chemotaxis, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis.
- Chemerin's influence extends to various pathologies, highlighting its systemic importance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of chemerin's functions.
- To elucidate the role of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in chemerin's actions and associated pathologies.
- To identify gaps in cardiovascular research related to chemerin.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of chemerin's known functions and interactions.
- Analysis of chemerin's association with cardiovascular system (CVS) components.
- Synthesis of current knowledge linking chemerin, CVS, and human pathologies.
Main Results:
- Chemerin regulates multiple physiological processes, including chemotactic, adipokine, and angiogenic functions.
- The cardiovascular system (CVS) plays a significant, albeit often indirect, role in chemerin's systemic effects.
- A knowledge gap exists regarding the direct interactions between chemerin and cardiovascular elements.
Conclusions:
- Chemerin is a key mediator linking various pathologies.
- The cardiovascular system (CVS) is an essential, yet understudied, component in understanding chemerin's role in disease.
- Further basic cardiovascular research is required to bridge the gap between chemerin's known functions and its clinical applications.
Abstract:
When chemerin was discovered in 1997, it was relegated to being a protein associated with the normal skin function contrasting the setting of psoriasis. However, with the discovery of multiple receptors for the chemerin protein and a vast collection of associations with various pathologies, chemerin has global influence capable of regulating chemotactic, adipokine, autocrine/paracrine, adipogenic, angiogenic, and reproductive functions. These individual abilities of chemerin are important for understanding its basic pharmacology and physiology, but application of these principles to human pathology relies on the ability of scientists and physicians to view this protein from a much wider, all-encompassing angle. A global participant in the action of chemerin is the cardiovascular system (CVS). Although the CVS may not have as many direct interactions (e.g. smooth muscle in endothelium) with chemerin as it does indirect (e.g. chemerin activation in the lumen by proteases), our basic understanding of the CVS and its relation to chemerin is necessary to form a proper grasp of its individual actions and make the applications to pathology. This review provides a fundamental, yet comprehensive review of chemerin that inherently identifies the CVS as a necessary link between chemerin and its associated pathologies, but also calls for basic cardiovascular research as the solution to this chasm between knowledge and application.
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