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Related Concept Videos

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Air content measurement in concrete is critical for ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete structures, especially in environments prone to severe weather conditions. Accurate air content analysis optimizes concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances its workability and strength. Several methods are standardized under ASTM guidelines to measure the air content in fresh concrete, each suitable for different concrete types and conditions.
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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
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The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
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Mars Science Laboratory relative humidity observations: Initial results.

A-M Harri1, M Genzer1, O Kemppinen1

  • 1Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki, Finland.

Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets
|July 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Mars Science Laboratory

Keywords:
GaleMSLMarsatmospherehumiditytotal water content

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Atmospheric Science on Mars

Background:

  • The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission landed at Gale crater in August 2012.
  • The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) is a key instrument package on MSL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the measurement performance of the REMS-Humidity (REMS-H) instrument.
  • To present initial REMS-H observations from the first 100 sols on Mars.
  • To validate REMS-H data against prior observations and models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized polymeric capacitive humidity sensors (Vaisala Inc.) on the REMS instrument.
  • Mounted the humidity device on the REMS boom for ambient air exposure via a dust-filtering system.
  • Compared REMS-H results with historical data and atmospheric models.

Main Results:

  • REMS-H measurements show convincing relative humidity data aligned with indirect water content observations.
  • Observed atmospheric water mixing ratios in the surface layer range from 30 to 75 ppm.
  • Calculated precipitable water content varies from a few to six precipitable micrometers, assuming uniform mixing.

Conclusions:

  • The atmospheric water mixing ratio at Gale crater fluctuates between 30 and 140 ppm.
  • MSL's relative humidity observations provide valuable atmospheric data.
  • The highest relative humidity recorded during the initial 100 sols was 75%.