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Cancer

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...

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Performing Data Mining And Integrative Analysis Of Biomarker in Breast Cancer Using Multiple Publicly Accessible Databases

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Cancer biomarker discovery and validation.

Nicolas Goossens¹, Shigeki Nakagawa², Xiaochen Sun²

¹Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA ; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.

Translational Cancer Research

|July 28, 2015

Summary

Biomarkers are crucial for cancer treatment decisions, guiding targeted therapies and prognosis. This review details biomarker development, validation, and implementation challenges for clinical use in precision medicine.

Keywords:

Cancer biomarker companion biomarker drug response biomarker prognosis

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Genomics
Translational Medicine

Background:

Biomarkers are essential for personalized cancer care, aiding in targeted therapy selection and prognosis.
Genomic profiling and targeted therapies have increased the importance of biomarkers in clinical oncology.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the process of cancer biomarker development from discovery to clinical implementation.
To highlight key challenges and solutions in validating and translating biomarkers for oncology practice.

Main Methods:

Literature review of biomarker development, validation, and implementation in oncology.
Discussion of regulatory considerations and future trends in cancer biomarker research.

Main Results:

Biomarker assays, including single-gene and multi-gene signatures, are used for predictive and prognostic purposes.
Significant challenges exist in translating biomarker discoveries into routine clinical practice.

Conclusions:

Successful clinical translation of cancer biomarkers requires addressing validation, implementation, and regulatory hurdles.
Future directions involve leveraging big data and precision medicine for advanced biomarker strategies.