Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Review

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Hematology
• Immunology

Background:

• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a critical treatment for hematologic and bone marrow disorders.
• Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication following HSCT, presenting with systemic inflammatory manifestations.
• Ocular manifestations of GVHD are frequently observed and significantly impact patient quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current definitions, clinical findings, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies for ocular GVHD.
• To emphasize the importance of recognizing and managing ocular GVHD for eye care providers.
• To highlight the evolving nature of ocular GVHD diagnosis and grading.

Main Methods:

• This review synthesizes current literature on ocular GVHD.
• It summarizes established and emerging diagnostic criteria and grading systems.
• It outlines current therapeutic approaches and emphasizes a multidisciplinary care model.

Main Results:

• Ocular GVHD can affect all segments of the eye, with the ocular surface being most commonly involved.
• The condition is often relapsing-remitting, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
• Effective management necessitates a collaborative approach among various medical specialists.

Conclusions:

• Ocular GVHD is a significant complication of HSCT requiring specialized ophthalmic care.
• Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to mitigate vision loss and improve patient outcomes.
• A multidisciplinary approach integrating ophthalmology with hematology/oncology is vital for optimal patient care.