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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis
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Gene-expression analysis of cementoblasts and osteoblasts.

B G Matthews1, H Roguljic1, T Franceschetti1

  • 1Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.

Journal of Periodontal Research
|July 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified distinct gene expression profiles for cementoblasts using OC-GFP mice. This study highlights differences in Wnt signaling and identifies BARX1 as a potential cementoblast marker.

Keywords:
Wnt signaling pathwaycementoblastgene expressionosteoblastosteocalcin

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Area of Science:

  • Mineralized tissue biology
  • Cellular and molecular biology
  • Genomics and transcriptomics

Background:

  • Cementum and bone share similarities but differ in accumulation rates, vascularization, and remodeling.
  • Distinguishing cementoblasts from other mineralizing cells like osteoblasts and odontoblasts lacks established markers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify unique gene expression patterns in cementoblasts compared to osteoblasts.
  • To utilize gene profiling in osteocalcin-green fluorescent protein (OC-GFP) transgenic mice for cell isolation.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of cementoblasts using OC-GFP reporter mice and cell sorting from molar root surfaces.
  • Isolation of osteoblasts from calvarial digests.
  • Microarray analysis followed by real-time PCR, immunostaining, and in situ hybridization for validation.

Main Results:

  • Identified 95 genes with at least two-fold higher expression in cementoblasts versus osteoblasts.
  • Observed differential regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and skeletal development genes.
  • Confirmed elevated expression of Wnt inhibitors (Wif1, Sfrp1) and the transcription factor BARX1 in cementoblasts.

Conclusions:

  • The OC-GFP mouse model enables selective isolation of cementoblasts.
  • Differential gene expression analysis successfully identified unique markers for cementoblasts.