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Related Concept Videos

The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
10:42

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Published on: December 31, 2017

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Targeting specific bacteria in the oral microbiome.

Jorge Frias-Lopez1

  • 1The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Trends in Microbiology
|July 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new antimicrobial peptides to target specific oral bacteria. This breakthrough allows for better study of individual species roles within complex oral microbial communities.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Studying the oral microbiome is crucial for understanding oral health and disease.
  • Current tools lack specificity, hindering the investigation of individual bacterial species' roles.
  • Understanding specific bacterial functions is key to developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as selective agents against oral bacteria.
  • To demonstrate the utility of AMPs in dissecting the roles of specific species within the oral microbial community.
  • To provide a novel tool for microbiome research.

Main Methods:

  • Screening and characterization of antimicrobial peptides.
  • Testing peptide efficacy against selected oral bacterial species in vitro.
Keywords:
antimicrobial peptidemicrobial ecologyoral microbiome

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  • Assessing the impact of targeted bacterial depletion on community dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • Antimicrobial peptides were identified with high specificity for certain oral bacterial species.
    • Selective killing of target bacteria using AMPs was demonstrated.
    • The study provides a proof-of-concept for using AMPs to modulate microbial communities.

    Conclusions:

    • Antimicrobial peptides show significant potential as tools for selective targeting within the oral microbiome.
    • This approach enables more precise investigation into the functions of individual bacterial species.
    • The findings pave the way for new strategies in microbiome research and therapeutic development.