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Dental and jaw changes in primary hyperoxaluria.

A Hedemark1, G Bang, A T Gammeltvedt

  • 1Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Regional Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.

Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Primary hyperoxaluria can cause significant teeth and jaw changes due to oxalate crystal deposition. Extensive bone and dentin resorption occurred in a patient undergoing multiple transplants.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Dentistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare genetic disorder leading to excessive oxalate production and deposition.
  • Systemic oxalate deposition affects multiple organs, including kidneys, potentially requiring renal replacement therapy and transplantation.
  • Dental and jaw manifestations in PH are not widely reported, making this case significant for understanding the full spectrum of the disease.

Observation:

  • A 25-year-old male patient with primary hyperoxaluria presented with notable changes in his teeth and jaw structure.
  • The patient had undergone two kidney transplantations and a subsequent combined liver and kidney transplantation due to the disease's progression.
  • Clinical examination revealed oxalate crystal deposition within the gingiva, dental pulp, and surrounding bone and dentin.

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Findings:

  • Microscopic analysis confirmed the presence of oxalate crystals in various oral tissues.
  • Extensive resorption of both bone and dentin was observed in the affected areas.
  • These pathological changes highlight the severe impact of systemic oxalate deposition on craniofacial structures.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering dental and jaw evaluations in patients diagnosed with primary hyperoxaluria.
  • Understanding these oral manifestations can aid in earlier diagnosis and more comprehensive patient management.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of oxalate deposition in oral tissues may reveal novel therapeutic targets.