Spatial transformations: from fundamentals to applications

Robert Foster1, Patrick Grant2, Yang Hao3

  • 1School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK r.n.foster@ieee.org.

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A function's graph can be modified by changing its position or size without altering its overall shape. These transformations allow the graph to be moved across the coordinate plane while preserving its pattern and structure. One of the most common transformations is shifting, which repositions the graph without distorting it.When the output of a function is adjusted by adding or subtracting a constant, the graph shifts vertically. A positive value moves the graph upward, while a negative value...
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