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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

343
In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
343
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

341
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
341
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

394
Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
394
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

762
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
762
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

817
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
817
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

378
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
378

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Paediatric obesity: can medications help.

Carine M Lenders1

  • 1Nutrition and Fitness for Life program, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|July 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Access to pediatric antiobesity drugs is limited, with few trials and emerging concerns. This review summarizes current therapies, treatment barriers, and new pharmacotherapies for childhood obesity.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern.
  • Current understanding of obesity pathophysiology is advancing.
  • Access to effective antiobesity medications in pediatric populations remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing and emerging antiobesity drug therapies for pediatric use.
  • To identify barriers to pharmacotherapy in pediatric obesity management.
  • To summarize the current landscape and future directions of antiobesity medications in children.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of antiobesity drug trials in pediatric populations.
  • Analysis of regulatory guidance from agencies like the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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  • Evaluation of postmarketing data and safety concerns for approved and investigational drugs.

    • Main Results:

    • Few antiobesity drug trials have specifically included pediatric participants.
    • Postmarketing surveillance data for pediatric use of these drugs raises concerns.
    • Regulatory agencies are providing frameworks for pediatric drug development, but few novel agents are in the pipeline.
    • High-quality clinical trials in pediatric populations are notably lacking.

    Conclusions:

    • A comprehensive summary of available antiobesity drug therapies for children is presented.
    • Key barriers hindering effective pharmacotherapy for pediatric obesity are identified.
    • Emerging pharmacotherapies and future research needs in pediatric obesity are discussed.