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Ischemic Preconditioning and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Amadeo F Salvador1, Rafael A De Aguiar, Felipe D Lisbôa

  • 1Center for Health Sciences and Sport, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|July 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) shows a small benefit for exercise performance. This review found IPC effectively enhances both aerobic and anaerobic exercise, though effects on power and sprint performance were unclear.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) involves brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion.
  • Evidence suggests IPC may improve exercise performance, but conclusions remain uncertain.
  • Understanding IPC's impact requires analyzing various protocols and exercise types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of IPC on exercise performance.
  • To identify how different IPC protocols, exercise modalities, and participant characteristics influence performance outcomes.
  • To synthesize existing research through meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted for studies from 2000 to 2015.
  • Nineteen relevant studies were identified, with 15 included in meta-analyses.
  • Effect sizes (standardized mean difference) were calculated to quantify IPC's impact.

Main Results:

  • Overall, IPC demonstrated a small beneficial effect on exercise performance (ES = 0.43).
  • The most significant benefits were observed in aerobic exercise (ES = 0.51) and anaerobic exercise (ES = 0.23).
  • Effects on power and sprint performance were less clear (ES = 0.16).

Conclusions:

  • Ischemic preconditioning is an effective strategy for enhancing both aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance.
  • The efficacy of IPC varies depending on the type of exercise performed.
  • Further research may clarify optimal IPC protocols for specific performance goals.