Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 6, 2026
07:32
Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions
Published on: February 5, 2016
12.2K
Chlorine signal attenuation in concrete
A A Naqvi1, M Maslehuddin2, Khateeb Ur-Rehman1
1Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Summary
Researchers measured prompt gamma-ray intensity in silica fume (SF) concrete to detect chloride contamination. Gamma-ray intensity decreased with depth, showing this method
Area of Science:
- Nuclear Physics
- Materials Science
- Civil Engineering
Background:
- Silica fume (SF) concrete is a widely used construction material.
- Chloride contamination in concrete can lead to corrosion and structural degradation.
- Non-destructive methods are needed for assessing concrete quality and integrity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure prompt gamma-ray intensity at various depths in chlorine-contaminated SF concrete.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of prompt gamma-ray attenuation for detecting chloride contamination.
- To provide experimental data for validating simulation models.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a portable neutron generator-based prompt gamma-ray setup.
- Measured the intensity of 6.11 MeV chloride gamma-rays at multiple depths (15.25–35.25 cm).
- Employed Monte Carlo simulations for comparison with experimental results.
Main Results:
- Prompt gamma-ray intensity decreased non-linearly with increasing depth in SF concrete.
- Observed attenuation of thermal neutron flux and emitted gamma-rays.
- Experimental data showed good agreement with Monte Carlo simulation results.
Conclusions:
- Prompt gamma-ray attenuation is a viable method for evaluating chloride contamination in SF concrete.
- The study provides valuable experimental data for non-destructive testing applications.
- This technique can help ensure the long-term durability of concrete structures.
Keywords:
Chlorine gamma ray intensity measurement silica fume cement concreteMonte Carlo simulationsPortable neutron generator based PGNAA setupMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:27Corrosion of Reinforcement
713
The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...
713
01:22Effect of Sea Water on Concrete
1.3K
Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
1.3K
01:17Accelerators
336
Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
336
01:29Sulfate Attack on Concrete
1.0K
Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
1.0K
01:14Testing Water Quality
552
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
552
01:21Acid Attack on Concrete
995
When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
The rate at which hydrogen...
The rate at which hydrogen...
995