Complete mitochondrial genome database and standardized classification system for Canis lupus familiaris

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Evolutionary Biology
• Zoology

Background:

• The mitochondrial genome database for Canis lupus familiaris is incomplete.
• Understanding dog origins and population dynamics is crucial for evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To expand the Canis lupus familiaris mitogenome database.
• To reconstruct a global phylogenetic tree and standardize haplogroup nomenclature.
• To investigate the phylogeographic origins and expansion of domestic dogs.

Main Methods:

• Sequencing of 120 modern dog mitochondrial genomes from global populations.
• Integration of previously published mitogenome sequences.
• Reconstruction of a global phylogenetic tree for 555 Canis lupus familiaris mitogenomes.
• Phylogeographic analysis.

Main Results:

• A comprehensive phylogenetic tree of 555 Canis lupus familiaris mitogenomes was constructed.
• Standardized haplogroup nomenclature was established.
• Phylogeographic analysis indicated an East Asian origin for domestic dogs during the Mesolithic and Upper Paleolithic periods.
• Evidence suggests dog populations expanded globally during the Neolithic era.

Conclusions:

• The study contributes a robust mitogenome database and phylogenetic framework for Canis lupus familiaris.
• The findings support an East Asian origin for domestic dogs with subsequent global dispersal.
• The developed phylogenetic tree and nomenclature aid in forensic, evolutionary, and cynological research.