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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

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Evaluating the Validity of Caffeine Use Disorder.

Alan J Budney1, Dustin C Lee, Laura M Juliano

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Caffeine use disorder shows similarities to other addictive disorders, but more research is needed to define and treat it effectively. Increased awareness could benefit public health, despite concerns about overdiagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Caffeine's neurobiological and behavioral effects resemble those of recreational substances.
  • The DSM-5 includes caffeine use disorder as a condition for further study.
  • Existing research suggests potential for clinically significant caffeine use disorder in some individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on the clinical significance of problematic caffeine use.
  • To discuss the implications of classifying caffeine use disorder as a mental disorder.
  • To explore benefits and concerns regarding this classification.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis.
  • Discussion of diagnostic classification and public health implications.
  • Consideration of alternative diagnostic approaches and research needs.

Main Results:

  • Caffeine's effects are comparable to other substances of abuse.
  • The current literature is insufficient to definitively establish caffeine use disorder criteria.
  • Classification presents a balance between potential overdiagnosis and public health benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential for defining and treating caffeine use disorder.
  • Classification may increase awareness and intervention development for problematic caffeine use.
  • Careful consideration of diagnostic approaches and assessment is required.