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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing

Published on: February 6, 2018

Acute anoxic changes in peripheral nerve: anatomic and physiologic correlations.

Michael Punsoni¹, Steven Drexler¹, Thomas Palaia²

¹Department of Pathology, Winthrop University Hospital Mineola, New York, 11530.

Brain and Behavior

|July 30, 2015

Summary

Peripheral nerve anoxia causes severe damage, especially with abnormal glucose levels. Temperature significantly impacts nerve response to anoxia, with hypothermia offering protection.

Keywords:

Anoxia glucose peripheral nerve

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Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing

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Published on: February 6, 2018

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurements on Mouse Sciatic Nerves

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Published on: April 13, 2014

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology
Pathology

Background:

Peripheral nerve response to anoxia is influenced by glucose and temperature.
Understanding these factors is crucial for nerve injury research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of glucose and temperature on anoxic peripheral nerve injury.
To correlate electrophysiologic and pathological changes in nerves under anoxia.

Main Methods:

Rat sciatic nerves were studied using a perfusion apparatus for 16 hours.
Neurophysiologic responses were recorded, followed by light and electron microscopy.

Main Results:

Anoxia with normoglycemia caused mild nerve changes.
Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia exacerbated axonal swelling and myelin damage.
Hypothermia protected axons, with peak swelling between 17-30°C.

Conclusions:

Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia combined with anoxia leads to severe axonal disruption.
Axonal diameter changes are complex and multifactorial.