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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Venules01:08

Venules

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Venules are an integral part of the microscopic circulatory system that bridges the gap between capillaries and veins.
Venules are much smaller in diameter compared to their larger counterparts, the veins. They are generally 8 to 100 micrometers in diameter, significantly smaller than the size of veins. The walls of venules are thin, consisting of the endothelium, a thin layer of connective tissue, and occasionally a few smooth muscle cells. This structural simplicity is a stark contrast...
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

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After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
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Reliable Isolation of Central Nervous System Microvessels Across Five Vertebrate Groups
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Small-Medium Vessel Vasculitides: is the Complement System a Potential Forgotten Target?

Eleonora Ballanti, Maria S Chimenti, Roberto Perricone

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    |July 31, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Systemic vasculitides involve blood vessel inflammation. The complement system, crucial for immunity, contributes to vasculitic damage, making it a key therapeutic target.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Rheumatology
    • Autoimmune Diseases

    Background:

    • Systemic vasculitides are uncommon autoimmune diseases causing blood vessel inflammation.
    • The complement system, part of innate immunity, plays a vital role in immune responses.
    • Recent research highlights complement's role in adaptive immunity and regulating immune cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitides.
    • To identify the complement system as a potential therapeutic target for vasculitic disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of complement system function in autoimmune diseases.
    • Analysis of complement's involvement in small-medium vessel vasculitides pathogenesis.
    • Evaluation of complement as a therapeutic target.

    Main Results:

    • The complement system is implicated in the development of inflammatory damage in systemic vasculitides.
    • Complement activation is critical for T cell immunity, natural antibodies, and autoreactive B cell regulation.
    • The complement system contributes to the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of vasculitic disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • The complement system plays a significant role in systemic vasculitides.
    • Targeting the complement system offers a promising therapeutic strategy for vasculitic disorders.