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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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MicroRNAs miR-155 and miR-16 Decrease AID and E47 in B Cells from Elderly Individuals.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging impairs B cell function by decreasing activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and E47 expression. Inflammatory microRNAs (miRs), specifically miR-155 and miR-16, are upregulated in aged B cells, contributing to reduced antibody responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Aging Research
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • B cell function declines with age, impacting antibody responses.
  • Pro-inflammatory status in elderly individuals negatively affects B cell function.
  • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and E47 are key for B cell responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of microRNAs (miRs) in decreased E47 and AID expression in aged B cells.
  • Identify molecular pathways contributing to reduced B cell function during aging.

Main Methods:

  • Measured E47 and AID mRNA stability in stimulated B cells from young and elderly individuals.
  • Quantified miR-155 and miR-16 expression in unstimulated B cells from different age groups.
  • Assessed the association between miRs, inflammation, and AID expression post-stimulation.

Main Results:

  • E47 and AID mRNA stability is reduced in stimulated aged B cells.
  • miR-155 and miR-16 are upregulated in aged unstimulated B cells.
  • Upregulated miRs and B cell-intrinsic inflammation negatively correlate with AID expression.

Conclusions:

  • Aging leads to increased miR-155 and miR-16 in B cells, potentially downregulating AID and E47.
  • These miRs may bind to AID and E47 mRNA, reducing their stability and expression.
  • Novel molecular mechanisms involving miRs contribute to age-related decline in B cell function.