The protein and transcript profiles of human semen

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Genomics
• Proteomics
• Epigenomics
• Metabolomics

Background:

• High-throughput omics technologies are revealing complex biological interactions.
• Research in reproductive medicine has primarily focused on female factors like the oocyte.
• Sperm's role extends beyond DNA delivery, encompassing epigenetic and molecular contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of the male factor's role in reproduction.
• To highlight the contributions of sperm and seminal fluid to embryogenesis.
• To explore the interactions between male factors and early embryonic development.

Main Methods:

• Global analysis and review of existing scientific literature.
• Examination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenomic, and metabolomic data.
• Integration of computational analyses for deeper understanding.

Main Results:

• Sperm deliver an epigenetically marked genome, crucial RNAs, and proteins for embryogenesis.
• Seminal fluid provides components that aid sperm function and immune tolerance of the embryo.
• The male factor plays a multifaceted role, contrary to previous assumptions.

Conclusions:

• The male factor is essential for successful fertilization and early embryonic development.
• Further research into sperm and seminal fluid components is vital for reproductive medicine.
• Understanding male-contributed elements offers new insights into infertility and assisted reproduction.