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Related Concept Videos

Regional Terms01:12

Regional Terms

16.7K
Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. Using these terms helps increase the accurate description and identification of the particular region of interest or region affected by the disease.
Primarily, the human body has two major regions, the axial and appendicular regions. The axial region comprises regions from the head to the abdomen and makes up the central body axis. In contrast,...
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Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

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To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
The simpler quadrants approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersects at the patient's umbilicus (navel). The four...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
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Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Published on: January 21, 2020

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Complex regional pain syndrome.

Stephen Bruehl1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212, USA Stephen.Bruehl@vanderbilt.edu.

BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
|July 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition often developing after injury. Management is challenging, but multidisciplinary care focusing on functional therapies shows promise.

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition with autonomic and inflammatory features.
  • It affects approximately 7% of patients post-limb injury or surgery, with some cases progressing to a chronic form.
  • The transition from 'warm' (inflammatory) to 'cold' (autonomic) CRPS is observed, indicating evolving underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology and management of complex regional pain syndrome.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various interventions for chronic CRPS.
  • To emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary care for CRPS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and randomized controlled trials on CRPS.
  • Analysis of proposed peripheral and central mechanisms contributing to CRPS.
  • Synthesis of evidence for different treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • CRPS involves complex peripheral and central mechanisms, including sensitization, autonomic dysfunction, and immune alterations.
  • Evidence suggests potential efficacy for therapies like physical/occupational therapy, bisphosphonates, ketamine, and spinal cord stimulation.
  • Diagnosis relies solely on clinical presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of chronic CRPS is challenging due to limited high-quality trial data.
  • Multidisciplinary care centered on functional therapies is recommended for CRPS.
  • Interventions should aim to facilitate functional engagement and improve quality of life.