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Interventions for waterpipe smoking cessation.

Wasim Maziak1, Mohammed Jawad, Sena Jawad

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|August 1, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Waterpipe tobacco cessation interventions show promise, with two of three studies demonstrating significantly higher abstinence rates. Future trials should address waterpipe-specific aspects for improved effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Tobacco Control
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Waterpipe tobacco smoking, traditionally prevalent in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, is globally increasing, particularly among adolescents.
  • Perceived as less harmful, waterpipe use is rising worldwide, with specific cultural trends showing higher female and youth engagement.
  • Waterpipe smoking is associated with addiction and similar health risks to cigarette smoking, necessitating effective cessation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions specifically designed for waterpipe users.
  • To identify successful pharmacological and/or behavioral strategies for aiding waterpipe smokers in quitting tobacco use.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive search of multiple databases (Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL) was conducted for relevant trials.
  • Included randomized, quasi-randomized, or cluster-randomized controlled trials of any age/gender waterpipe smokers, assessing abstinence at ≥6 months.
  • Interventions included pharmacological (NRT, bupropion) and/or behavioral approaches; data extraction and quality assessment followed Cochrane methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Three controlled trials (Egypt, Pakistan, US) met inclusion criteria, employing individual or community-level interventions.
  • Two studies showed significantly higher waterpipe smoking cessation rates in intervention groups compared to controls.
  • Risk ratios for abstinence ranged from 2.2 to 3.25, with behavioral and behavioral plus bupropion interventions showing positive effects.

Conclusions:

  • Despite sparse literature, reviewed studies indicate potential effectiveness for waterpipe cessation interventions.
  • Future research should incorporate waterpipe-specific elements (social context, unique experiences) into intervention design.
  • Building on cigarette cessation research while adapting for waterpipe use is crucial for developing effective public health strategies.