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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Recurrent peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma.

Treville Pereira1, Subraj Shetty1, Arvind Shetty2

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil University, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
|August 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral cement-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is a rare jaw tumor. This case highlights PCOF recurrence in a 42-year-old male, emphasizing early diagnosis and complete surgical removal for effective management.

Keywords:
Gingival overgrowthperipheral cement-ossifying fibromareactive gingival growth

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Area of Science:

  • Oral pathology
  • Oncology
  • Maxillofacial surgery

Background:

  • Peripheral cement-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is an uncommon benign jaw neoplasm.
  • Typically presents as a gingival epulis-like growth, often in young individuals.
  • PCOF requires careful differential diagnosis with other reactive gingival lesions.

Observation:

  • A case of PCOF in a 42-year-old male is presented.
  • The lesion had been surgically excised previously but recurred after two years.
  • This case deviates from the typical demographic profile for PCOF.

Findings:

  • Recurrence of PCOF after initial surgical management indicates the need for thorough treatment.
  • The occurrence in an older adult broadens the age spectrum for PCOF presentation.
  • Histopathological confirmation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Implications:

  • PCOF should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gingival growths, regardless of patient age.
  • Aggressive surgical excision with curettage of adjacent tissues is vital to prevent recurrence.
  • Timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for optimal patient outcomes in managing PCOF.