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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

21.2K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
21.5K
Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
1.8K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

21.9K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
21.9K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

15.8K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
15.8K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.6K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars
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Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

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Hexagonal Silicon Realized.

Håkon Ikaros T Hauge1, Marcel A Verheijen1,2, Sonia Conesa-Boj3

  • 1Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Nano Letters
|August 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created pure hexagonal silicon, a challenging material, by templating it onto gallium phosphide. This breakthrough enables exploration of hexagonal silicon

Keywords:
Core/Shell NanowireHexagonal Crystal StructureRaman SpectroscopySiliconSingle-CrystallineX-ray Diffraction

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Fabrication and Optimization of Type II Silicon Clathrate Films
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Silicon is a crucial semiconductor, but its natural cubic structure limits its properties.
  • Hexagonal silicon is predicted to possess novel optical, electrical, and superconducting characteristics.
  • Synthesizing pure hexagonal silicon presents significant fabrication challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a method for fabricating pure and stable hexagonal silicon.
  • To characterize the structure and stability of the synthesized hexagonal silicon.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a hexagonal gallium phosphide nanowire as a template.
  • Epitaxially grew a silicon shell onto the template to transfer the hexagonal structure.
  • Employed aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy for structural analysis.
  • Conducted X-ray diffraction measurements to confirm crystalline purity.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated pure hexagonal silicon with the characteristic ABABAB... stacking.
  • Confirmed high crystalline purity of the hexagonal silicon material.
  • Demonstrated the material's stability under pressures up to 9 GPa.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a viable method for producing stable hexagonal silicon.
  • This achievement paves the way for investigating the unique properties of hexagonal silicon.
  • Opens new avenues for advanced semiconductor applications.