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Nonzero Classical Discord.

Vlad Gheorghiu1,2, Marcos C de Oliveira2,3, Barry C Sanders1,2,4

  • 1Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.

Physical Review Letters
|August 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum discord quantifies the disturbance in quantum states from local measurements. This study defines classical discord similarly, revealing a quantum-classical separation through noisy measurements and negative conditional entropy.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Theory
  • Quantum Foundations

Background:

  • Quantum discord quantifies quantum correlations beyond entanglement.
  • Mutual information can be expressed using different conditional entropies, leading to discord.
  • Classical systems can also exhibit discord-like phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and understand classical discord.
  • To establish an operational meaning for classical discord.
  • To demonstrate the quantum-classical separation in information theory.

Main Methods:

  • Constructing a stochastic model for shared states.
  • Defining classical discord analogous to quantum discord.
  • Analyzing state merging with noisy measurements.

Main Results:

  • Classical discord quantifies stochasticity in measurement processes.
  • An operational meaning for classical discord is established.
  • A quantum-classical separation is shown via negative conditional entropy.

Conclusions:

  • Discord, both quantum and classical, quantifies state disturbance from local measurements.
  • Classical discord provides a framework for understanding noise in classical information processing.
  • The concept of negative conditional entropy highlights fundamental differences between quantum and classical information.