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Practical Relativistic Bit Commitment.

T Lunghi1, J Kaniewski2,3, F Bussières1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secure bit commitment is achievable using classical communication and relativistic constraints. A new multiround scheme extends commitment time, demonstrated over 131 km, with potential for global-scale applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Cryptography
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Theoretical Computer Science

Background:

  • Bit commitment is a foundational cryptographic primitive essential for secure two-party computation.
  • Perfectly secure bit commitment is impossible with asynchronous quantum information exchange.
  • Relativistic constraints and classical communication offer a path to secure bit commitment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the security of a classical communication-based bit commitment protocol against quantum adversaries.
  • To develop and prove the security of a novel multiround bit commitment scheme.
  • To experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of relativistic bit commitment.

Main Methods:

  • Revisiting and proving the security of a previously proposed classical communication scheme under relativistic constraints.
  • Developing a new multiround bit commitment protocol utilizing finite-field arithmetic.
  • Implementing the protocols with dedicated hardware and conducting experimental tests.

Main Results:

  • The revisited classical protocol is secure against quantum adversaries for a duration limited by light-speed communication.
  • The novel multiround scheme extends commitment time beyond the light-speed limit and is secure against classical attacks.
  • A 2 ms bit commitment was demonstrated over 131 km, with potential for 212 ms using antipodal Earth locations.

Conclusions:

  • Classical communication, combined with relativistic constraints, enables secure bit commitment.
  • The proposed multiround scheme offers enhanced commitment times and practical security.
  • Experimental validation confirms the viability of relativistic bit commitment for future secure communication systems.